Anti-viral cleaning composition, method of making and use thereof

ABSTRACT

A method for formulating a cleaning composition contains the step of coating a granular absorbent material with a coating agent to produce a coated absorbent material and mixing the coated absorbent material with a sanitation agent, wherein the coated absorbent material absorbs the sanitation agent to form the cleaning composition. The resulting cleaning composition may be used for cleaning up pathogens or hazardous materials. The cleaning composition may also functions as a liquefiable dry cleaning powder for public areas in response to bodily fluid incidents. A coating method of a non-toxic bio static film on a high surface area solid is disclosed.

This is a Continuation application of Ser. No. 17/065,981, filed Oct. 8,2020, which is a Continuation-In-Part of U.S. patent application Ser.No. 16/800,596, filed Feb. 25, 2020, now U.S. Pat. No. 11,345,877, whichis a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/004,954, filedJun. 11, 2018, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,995,308, which is a Continuation ofU.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/696,480, filed Sep. 6, 2017, nowU.S. Pat. No. 10,370,625, which claims priority of U.S. ProvisionalApplication Ser. No. 62/495,274, filed on Sep. 8, 2016. The entirety ofwhich is incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD

The present application generally relates to a cleaning compositions andmethods and, in particular, relates to a cleaning composition and methodfor cleaning up a virus, or other pathogens, on a surface, such asdisinfecting, or removing viral particles from, a public area.

BACKGROUND

Typically, different types of disinfectants have been utilized asreplacements to heat sterilization, radiation sterilization, or otherless desirable techniques, in a variety of industries, including thepharmaceutical and medical industries, for some time. Disinfectantseffectuate a safer, more cost effective and/or convenient means ofeliminating potentially harmful germs, viruses, funguses and bacteria.However, the inherent strength of the chemical disinfectant has at timesresulted in effectiveness and cost outweighing safety. Consequently,great care must be taken by the user regarding the nature of the use towhich a chemical disinfectant is being put and there are stringentguidelines placed on all chemical disinfectant compositions.

SUMMARY

One aspect of the present application is directed to a method offormulating a cleaning composition to decontaminate surfacescontaminated by a virus, comprising the steps of: coating a granularabsorbent material with a coating agent to produce a coated absorbentmaterial; and mixing the coated absorbent material with a sanitationagent, wherein the coated absorbent material absorbs the sanitationagent to form the cleaning composition, wherein the sanitation agentcomprises a surfactant. In certain embodiments, further comprising thestep of: grinding an absorbent material to produce the granularabsorbent material used in the coating step. In further embodiments,wherein the granular absorbent material is coated with a layer ofsurface bonded biocide by vapor deposition, pressure micro droplet sprayor fuming or fogging nozzle. In additional embodiments, wherein thegranular absorbent material is selected from the group consisting ofceramic minerals, zeolite, activated carbon, fumed silica, processedclays, cellulosic absorbents, fibrous absorbents and combinationsthereof.

In certain embodiments, the granular absorbent material comprisesceramic minerals. In specific embodiments, the ceramic minerals compriseperlite and/or vermiculite. In some embodiments, the coating agentcomprises a biocide. In particular embodiments, the coating agent formsa surface bonded film on the granular absorbent material.

In certain embodiments, the sanitation agent is an anionic surfactant.

Another aspect of the application is a method for prevention and/ordecontamination of a surface from a virus, comprising: applying aneffective amount of cleaning composition on said surface, wherein saidcleaning composition comprises a granular absorbent material coated witha biocide; and a sanitation agent absorbed in said granular absorbentmaterial, wherein said sanitation agent comprises a surfactant.

In certain embodiments, the virus is norovirus, HIV, rotavirus,adenovirus, astrovirus, coronavirus, hepatitis virus, ebola ornorovirus, arenaviruses, bunyaviruses, filoviruses, arenaviruses, Nipahvirus or hantavirus. In specific embodiments, the coronavirus isSARS-CoV-2.

Another aspect of the application is a cleaning composition fordecontamination against viruses, comprising: a granular absorbentmaterial coated with a biocide; and a sanitation agent absorbed in saidgranular absorbent material, wherein said sanitation agent comprises asurfactant. In particular embodiments, the granular absorbent materialis selected from the group consisting of ceramic minerals, zeolite,activated carbon, fumed silica, processed clays, cellulosic absorbents,fibrous absorbents and combinations thereof. In certain embodiments, thegranular absorbent material comprises ceramic minerals. In specificembodiments, the ceramic minerals comprise perlite and/or vermiculite.In some embodiments, the biocide forms a surface bonded film on thegranular absorbent material.

Another aspect of the application is a sanitation method fordecontamination against viruses, comprising the step of: applying aneffective amount of a cleaning composition a cleaning composition fordecontamination against viruses, comprising: a granular absorbentmaterial coated with a biocide; and a sanitation agent absorbed in saidgranular absorbent material, wherein said sanitation agent comprises asurfactant to a surface in need of sanitation; and removing the cleaningcomposition after a period of time.

Another aspect of the application is a cleaning kit for decontaminatingagainst viruses, comprising: a cleaning composition a cleaningcomposition for decontamination against viruses, comprising: a granularabsorbent material coated with a biocide; and a sanitation agentabsorbed in said granular absorbent material, wherein said sanitationagent comprises a surfactant, and instructions on how to use thecleaning composition. In certain embodiments, comprising one or moreitems selected from the group consisting of biohazard bags, gloves,twist tie, antimicrobial hand wipe, germicidal wipe, scoops andscrapers.

These and other aspects and embodiments of the present application willbecome better understood with reference to the following detaileddescription when considered in association with the accompanyingdrawings and claims.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The aspects of the application are described in conjunction with theexemplary embodiments, including methods, materials and examples, suchdescription is non-limiting and the scope of the application is intendedto encompass all equivalents, alternatives, and modifications, eithergenerally known, or incorporated here. Unless otherwise defined, alltechnical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning ascommonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which thisapplication belongs. One of skill in the art will recognize manytechniques and materials similar or equivalent to those described here,which could be used in the practice of the aspects and embodiments ofthe present application. The described aspects and embodiments of theapplication are not limited to the methods and materials described.

As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singularforms “a,” “an” and “the” include plural referents unless the contentclearly dictates otherwise.

Ranges may be expressed herein as from “about” one particular value,and/or to “about” another particular value. When such a range isexpressed, another embodiment includes from the one particular valueand/or to the other particular value. Similarly, when values areexpressed as approximations, by use of the antecedent “about,” it isunderstood that the particular value forms another embodiment. It isfurther understood that the endpoints of each of the ranges aresignificant both in relation to the other endpoint, and independently ofthe other endpoint. It is also understood that there are a number ofvalues disclosed herein, and that each value is also herein disclosed as“about” that particular value in addition to the value itself. Forexample, if the value “10” is disclosed, then “about 10” is alsodisclosed. It is also understood that when a value is disclosed that“less than or equal to “the value,” greater than or equal to the value”and possible ranges between values are also disclosed, as appropriatelyunderstood by the skilled artisan. For example, if the value “10” isdisclosed the “less than or equal to 10” as well as “greater than orequal to 10” is also disclosed.

This application describes a novel, effective and low cost cleaningcomposition that can be used for rapid and safe clean-up of a surfacecontaminated by viruses through biohazard spills (vomit/urine/blood andfeces) in hospitals, urgent care facilities, medical offices, nursinghomes, prisons, schools and the hospitality industry. Viruses may havealso contaminated the environment though coughing, sneezing, spitting,or other sources of respiratory droplets carrying viral load. Referencesto pathogens herein should be understood to encompass viruses.

The cleaning composition of the present application is a multi-phaseproduct that can be used to kill viruses through a number of differentmechanisms by either disrupting the viral proteins, or in certaininstances the viral envelope. In one embodiment, the composition is adoped granular ceramic disinfectant which combines a surface area staticdisinfectant or biocide coating with a chemical phase primarydisinfectant (e.g. surfactant) or biocide absorbed in the ceramicparticles. The multi-phase product provides an effective means todecontaminate surfaces of viruses by acting as a delivery platform for amulti-pronged attack on the integrity of the virus. In some embodiments,the cleaning composition of the present application and the method ofuse thereof are designed to kill or inactivate enveloped viruses, suchas coronaviruses.

Viruses may include viruses that can effect one or more of the nervoussystem, musculo-skeletal system, digestive system, hematologicalsystems, immune systems, or respiratory systems. Examples of virusesinclude, but are not limited to, influenza viruses, herpesviruses,polioviruses, noroviruses, gastrointestinal tract-related (GI-related)viruses, retroviruses, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and type 2(HIV-1 and HIV-2), human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I and type II(I-HTLV-1 and HTLV-II), hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus (HBV),hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis delta virus (HDV), hepatitis E virus(HEV), hepatitis G virus (HGV), parvovirus B19 virus, transfusiontransmitted virus (TTV). Epstein-Barr virus, human cytomegalovirus type1 (HCMV-1), human herpesvirus type 6 (HHV-6), human herpesvirus type 7(HHV-7), human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV-8), influenza type A viruses,including subtypes H1N1 and H5N1, influenza type B viruses, humanmetapneumovirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus,SARS-CoV-2, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), hantavirus, and RNAviruses from Arenaviridae (e.g., Lassa fever virus (LFV)), Pneumoviridae(e.g., human metapneumovirus), Filoviridae (e.g., Ebola virus (EBOV),Marburg virus (MBGV) and Zika virus); Bunyaviridae (e.g., Rift Valleyfever virus (RVFV), Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), andhantavirus); Flaviviridae (West Nile virus (WNV), Dengue fever virus(DENY), yellow fever virus (YFV), GB virus C (GBV-C; formerly known ashepatitis G virus (HGV)); Rotaviridae (e.g., rotavirus), human T-celllymphotropic virus (HTLV) type I and type II (HTLV-I and HTLV-II),parvovirus B19 virus, transfusion transmitted virus (TTV); measlesvirus; rotaviruses, including Types A, B, C, D, and E; human papillomavirus (HPV) and its many serotypes; and other miscellaneous RNA viruses.

Examples of microbes caused causing gastroenteritis in man and animalsinclude, viruses, bacteria, parasites and fungus. Viruses cause ˜7% ofinfectious diarrhea. Viral infections causing gastroenteritis can beattributed to rotavirus, adenovirus, norovirus, astrovirus, andcoronavirus.

Enveloped Viruses

Enveloped viruses are usually inactivated by effective surface cleaningand disinfection. Enveloped viruses possess an envelope composed of alipid layer (fat-like substance that is water insoluble) that forms anouter coating. The virus envelope is required for attachment of thevirus to a target cell. The lipid layers in cellular membranes areimpermeable to most polar or charged solutes but are permeable to apolarcompounds, such as the lipids making up a viral envelope. Individualenveloped viruses have differing modes of transmission; however, typicalroutes of transmission are via indirect or direct bodily contact withinfectious virus particles, such as by inhalation or contact withrespiratory droplets carrying a viral load.

It is generally recognized that enveloped viruses are more readilyinactivated by most chemical disinfectants than are nonenvelopedviruses. Although the mechanisms of virus inactivation by chemicals ispoorly understood, lipophilic disinfectants and chaotropic agents shouldhave little difficulty in breaching a normal lipid bilayer. Thus, it islikely that the infectivity of enveloped viruses could be destroyed withlittle or no direct damage to the protein or nucleic acid of the virus.However, it is not known how much damage must be done to the virusenvelope before virus infection is prevented. At high surfactantconcentrations, damage to the proteins and nucleic acids of the virionis also likely.

Method of Making

One aspect of the present application is directed to a method of makinga cleaning composition. The method comprises the steps of coating agranular absorbent material with a coating agent to produce a coatedabsorbent material; and mixing the coated absorbent material with asanitation agent, wherein the coated absorbent material absorbs thesanitation agent to form a coated and absorbed absorbent material. Insome embodiments, the method further comprises the step of grinding anabsorbent material to produce the granular absorbent material used inthe coating step. In other embodiments, the method further comprises thestep of adding one or more modifying agent to the coated and absorbedabsorbent material in amounts sufficient to achieve desired physicalcharacteristics (e.g., non-dusty and clump, ease of pick up, liquidloading capacity, etc.).

The cleaning composition may be used to eradicate, eliminate,inactivate, inhibit the activity of, or reduce the amount of pathogenson a surface. The cleaning composition is especially for the clean-up ofbiohazard spills, such as vomit, urine, blood and feces in hospitals,urgent care facilities, medical offices, nursing homes, prisons, schoolsand the hospitality industry. The cleaning composition of the presentapplication is also ideally suited for clean-up of common, highlyhazardous spills in these environments, such as spills of chemotherapydrugs.

The Granular Absorbent Material

The granular absorbent material can be any solid material with desiredsurface area, granulation, and absorbent characteristics. As usedherein, the term “absorbent” or “adsorbent” is understood to mean amaterial that is capable of imbibing and holding onto aqueous fluids.Suitable granular absorbent material include, but are not limited to,expanded and optimized ceramic minerals such perlite and vermiculite,zeolite, activated carbon, cellulosic absorbents and fibrous absorbents.In some embodiments, the granular absorbent material contains activatedcarbon, fumed silica, fine perlite, zeolites, processed clays orcombinations thereof. The adsorbent/absorbent will exhibit clumping ormatting characteristics for best performance and be well de-dusted. Thegranular absorbent material preferably has a surface area per mass orvolume ratio. In some embodiments, the granular absorbent material has asurface area per mass ratio in the range of 100-10,000 m²/g, 100-9,000m²/g, 100-8,000 m²/g, 300-8,000 m²/g, 1,000-8,000 m²/g, 2,000-8,000m²/g, 3,000-8,000 m²/g, 4,000-8,000 m²/g, 5,000-8,000 m²/g, 6,000-8,000m²/g, 7,000-8,000 m²/g, 100-7,000 m²/g, 300-7,000 m²/g, 1,000-7,000m²/g, 2,000-7,000 m²/g, 3,000-7,000 m²/g, 4,000-7,000 m²/g, 5,000-7,000m²/g, 6,000-7,000 m²/g, 100-6,000 m²/g, 300-6,000 m²/g, 1,000-6,000m²/g, 2,000-6,000 m²/g, 3,000-6,000 m²/g, 4,000-6,000 m²/g, 5,000-6,000m²/g, 100-4,000 m²/g, 300-4,000 m²/g, 1,000-4,000 m²/g, 2,000-4,000m²/g, 3,000-4,000 m²/g, 100-3,000 m²/g, 300-3,000 m²/g, 1,000-3,000m²/g, 2,000-3,000 m²/g, 100-2,000 m²/g, 300-2,000 m²/g, or 1,000-2,000m²/g.

In some embodiments, the granular absorbent material has a surface areaper mass ratio up to 10,000 m²/g. In some embodiments, the granularabsorbent material has a surface area per mass ratio up to 9,000 m²/g.In some embodiments, the granular absorbent material has a surface areaper mass ratio up to 8,000 m²/g. In some embodiments, the granularabsorbent material has a surface area per mass ratio up to 7,000 m²/g.In some embodiments, the granular absorbent material has a surface areaper mass ratio up to 6,000 m²/g.

In some embodiments, the granular absorbent material has a surface areaper mass ratio of 100 m²/g or greater. In some embodiments, the granularabsorbent material has a surface area per mass ratio of 300 m²/g orgreater. In some embodiments, the granular absorbent material has asurface area per mass ratio of 1,000 m²/g or greater. In someembodiments, the granular absorbent material has a surface area per massratio of 2,000 m²/g or greater. In some embodiments, the granularabsorbent material has a surface area per mass ratio of 3,000 m²/g orgreater. In some embodiments, the granular absorbent material has asurface area per mass ratio of 4,000 m²/g or greater. In someembodiments, the granular absorbent material has a surface area per massratio of 5,000 m²/g or greater.

In some embodiments, the granular absorbent material has a surface areaper mass ratio in the range of 1000-6,000 m²/g.

In some embodiments, the granular absorbent material contains ceramicminerals.

In some embodiments, the granular absorbent material contains perliteand/or vermiculite.

In some embodiments, the granular absorbent material has a surface areaper volume ratio in the range of 100-5,000 m²/ml, 300-5,000 m²/ml,1,000-5,000 m²/ml, 2,000-5,000 m²/ml, 3,000-5,000 m²/ml, 4,000-5,000m²/ml, 100-4,000 m²/ml, 300-4,000 m²/ml, 1,000-4,000 m²/ml, 2,000-54,000m²/ml, 3,000-4,000 m²/ml, 100-3,000 m²/ml, 300-3,000 m²/ml, 1,000-3,000m²/ml, 2,000-3,000 m²/ml, 100-2,000 m²/ml, 300-2,000 m²/ml, or1,000-2,000 m²/ml.

In some embodiments, the granular absorbent material has a surface areaper volume ratio up to 5,000 m²/ml. In some embodiments, the granularabsorbent material has a surface area per volume ratio up to 4,000m²/ml. In some embodiments, the granular absorbent material has asurface area per volume ratio up to 3,000 m²/ml.

In some embodiments, the granular absorbent material has a surface areaper volume ratio of 100 m²/ml or greater. In some embodiments, thegranular absorbent material has a surface area per volume ratio of 300m²/ml or greater. In some embodiments, the granular absorbent materialhas a surface area per volume ratio of 1,000 m²/ml or greater. In someembodiments, the granular absorbent material has a surface area pervolume ratio of 2,000 m²/ml or greater. In some embodiments, thegranular absorbent material has a surface area per volume ratio in therange of 1000-3,000 m²/ml.

As used herein, the term “ceramics” shall mean compounds of nonmetallicelements possessing in general hardness, compressive strength, elasticmodulus, thermal expansion and density. Exemplary ceramics include, butare not limited to, materials used in pottery, bricks, tiles, cementsand glass, barium titanate, strontium titanate, bismuth strontiumcalcium copper oxide, boron oxide, boron nitride, earthenware, ferrite,lead zirconate titanate, magnesium diboride, porcelain, sialon, siliconcarbodie, silicon nitride, steatite, titanium carbide, uranium oxide,yttrium barium copper oxide, zinc oxide, zirconium dioxide, andpartially stabilized zirconia. Ceramics may be oxides (aluminia,beryllia, ceria, zirconia), nonoxides (carbide, boride, nitride,silicide) or composite materials (combinations of oxides and onoxides).

Perlite is a naturally occurring form of obsidian characterized byspherulites formed by cracking of volcanic glass during cooling. Perlitetypically comprises a mix of silicon dioxide, aluminium oxide, sodiumoxide, potassium oxide, iron oxide, magnesium oxide and calcium oxide.Potential substitutes for perlite include, but are not limited to,diatomite, expanded clay, shale, pumice, slag or vermiculite.Vermiculite is a naturally occurring hydrous phyllosilicate material,which is 2:1 clay.

As used herein, the term “zeolite” shall mean any of a large group ofminerals comprising hydrated aluminosilicates of sodium, potassium,calcium and barium. Zeolite can occur naturally, but is alsoartificially synthesized. Exemplary zeolites include, but are notlimited to, analcime, chabazite, clinoptilolite, heulandite, natrolite,phillipsite, and stilbite.

As used herein, the term “activated carbon” shall mean a form of carbonprocessed to have small, low-volume pores that increase the surface areaavailable for adsorption or chemical reactions. A synonym for activatecarbon is “activated charcoal.”

As used herein, the term “cellulosic absorbents” shall mean celluloseand cellulose derivatives that can provide structure, bulk,water-holding capacity and channeling of fluids over a wide dimensionalrange.

As used herein, the term “fibrous absorbents” refers to a fibrousstructure with high void volume, a hydrophilic nature, and wetresiliency. Examples of fibrous absorbents include, but are not limitedto, cotton fiber based absorbents, corn fiber based absorbents and hempbased absorbents.

In some embodiments, the granular absorbent material constitutes 10-70%(w/w), 10-60% (w/w), 10-50% (w/w), 10-40% (w/w), 10-30% (w/w), 10-20%(w/w), 20-70% (w/w), 20-60% (w/w), 20-50% (w/w), 20-40% (w/w), 20-30%(w/w), 30-70% (w/w), 30-60% (w/w), 30-50% (w/w), 30-40% (w/w), 40-70%(w/w), 40-60% (w/w), 40-50% (w/w), 50-70% (w/w), 50-70% (w/w) or 60-70%(w/w) of the final product. In some embodiments, the granular absorbentmaterial constitutes 25-30% (w/w) of the final product. In someembodiments, the granular absorbent material constitutes about 27% (w/w)of the final product.

The Coating Agent

The coating agent can be any biocide capable of forming a coating layeron the surface of the granular absorbent material of the presentapplication. In some embodiments, the coating agent contains one or moreagents selected from the group consisting of silanes, siloxanes,aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, quaternary amines, fumed metal hydroxides,solutions of silver, solutions of copper and combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, the coating agent is a biocide that forms a surfacebonded film on the granular absorbent material. The static surfacebonded biocide film provides a long term inactivation or inhibition ofpathogens in contact with the cleaning composition of the presentinvention, thus providing a long term assurance of the effectiveness ofthe cleaning effect. In some embodiments, the coating agent is appliedto the granular absorbent material by vapor deposition. In someembodiments, the vapor deposition is performed by thermal heating thecoating agent and the granular absorbent.

In some embodiments, the coating agent is applied to the granularabsorbent material by pressure micro droplet spray.

In some embodiments, the coating agent is applied to the granularabsorbent material by a fuming or fogging nozzle.

In some embodiments, the coating agent is applied to the granularabsorbent material by a deposition technique commonly used for metalplating.

As used herein, the term “biocide” refers to any material that destroys,inactivates, eliminates, deters, inhibits the growth of, or otherwiserender harmless and/or prevent damage or infection of a pathogen or amicroorganism. Examples of biocide includes, but are not limited to,silanes, siloxanes, aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, quaternary amines,fumed metal hydroxides, silver and salts or solutions thereof, copperand salts or solutions thereof, formaldehyde; bronopol; chlorocresol;peracetic acid; chloroxylenol; biphenyl-2-ol; hexa-2,4-dienoicacid/scorbutic acid; glutaral; clorofen; 2-phenoxyethanol;cetylpyridinium chloride; tosylchloramide sodium; sodium 2-biphenylate;phthalaldehyde; N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-dodecylpropan-1,3-diamine; troclosensodium; sodium dichloroisocyanurate dihydrate; didecyldimethylammoniumchloride; iodine; sodium hypochlorite; hydrogen peroxide; calciumhypochlorite; silver chloride; lignin; 2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide;sodium p-chloro-m-cresolate; d-gluconic acid compound withN,N″-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediamidine(2:1); potassium (E,E)-hexa-2,4-dienoate; quaternary ammonium compounds,benzyl-C12-18-alkyldimethyl-chlorides;benzyl-C12-16-alkyldimethyl-chlorides; di-C8-10-alkyldimethyl-chlorides;pentapotassium bis(peroxymonosulfate)-bis(sulfate);benzyl-C12-14-alkyldimethyl-chlorides; C12-14-alkyl[(ethylphenyl)methyl]dimethyl-chlorides;[2-[[2-[(2-carboxyethyl)(2-hydroxyethyl)-amino]ethyl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]-cocoalkyldimethyl-hydroxides, internal salts; reaction products from:glutamic acid and N—(C12-14-alkyl)-propylenediamine;6-(phthalimido)peroxyhexanoic acid; silver sodium hydrogen zirconiumphosphate; poly(hexamethylendiamineguanidinium chloride);polyhexamethylene biguanide; oligo(2-(2-ethoxy)ethoxyethylguanidiniumchloride) polymer; amines, n-C10-16-alkyltrimethylene di-, reactionproducts from chloroacetic acid; quaternary ammonium iodides;benzylalkyldimethyl(alkyl from C8-C22, saturated and unsaturated, andtallow alkyl, coco alkyl and soya alkyl), chlorides, bromides orhydroxides)/BKC; dialkyldimethyl(alkyl from C6-C18, saturated andunsaturated, and tallow alkyl, coco alkyl and soya alkyl) chlorides,bromides or methylsulfates)/DDAC; 2-butanone, peroxide; boric acid;disodium octaborate tetrahydrate; triclosan; melaleuca alternifolia,extract/Australian tea tree oil; sulfur dioxide; sodium hydrogensulfite; disodium disulfite; sodium sulfite; potassium sulfite;dipotassium disulfite;1-[[2-(2,4-di-chlorophenyl)-4-propyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl]methyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol/propiconazole;triclocarban; dodecylguanidine monohydrochloride; silver zinc aluminumborophosphate glass/glass oxide, silver and zinc-containing; aluminumsodium silicate silver zinc complex/silver-zinc zeolite plant protectionagents; sodium benzoate; disodium-tetraborate, anhydrous; mixture of cisand trans p-menthan-3,8-diol-citriodiol; mecetronium ethylsulfate;amines, C10-16-alkyldimethyl-, N-oxides; calcium dihexa-2,4-dienoate;sodium hydrogen carbonate; benzoxonium chloride; benzethonium chloride;tetradonium bromide; polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine; silver nitrate;N,N′-(decan-1,10-diyldi-1(4H)-pyridyl-4-yliden)bis(octylammonium)dichloride;2,4,8,10-tetra(tert-butyl)-6-hydroxy-12H-dibenzo[d,g][1,3,2]dioxaphosphocin-6-oxide,sodium-salt.

As used herein, the term “silanes” refers chemical compounds with foursubstituents on silicon, including an organosilicon compound. Exemplarysilanes include, but are not limited to, trichlorosilane (SiHCl₃),tetramethylsilane (Si(CH₃)₄) and tetraethoxysilane (Si(OC₂H₅)₄).

As used herein, the term “siloxanes” refers to chemical compounds thatcontain a functional group in organosilicon chemistry with the Si—O-Ailinkage. Exemplary siloxanes include, but are not limited to,polydimethylsiloxane or cyclomethicones.

As used herein, the term “pathogen” includes, but is not limited to,viruses, bacteria, yeast, protozoan, or other pathogenic microorganisms.Definitions and description of pathogens that may be eliminated, killed,inactivated or inhibited by administering the cleaning composition ofthe present application are described below. One of ordinary skill willunderstand that the described pathogens herein are not limiting. In someembodiments, the biocide and/or the cleaning composition of the presentapplication can address such critical pathogen families as norovirus,HIV, MRSA, C. Diff., hepatitis, ebola, GI-related viruses of many sonsor targeted bioterror agents, amongst others defined and describedbelow.

Bacterial infections leading to gastroenteritis can be caused byCampylobacter, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Staphylococcusaureus, and Clostridum bacterial species. Protozoa infections leading togastroenteritis can be a result of Giardia, Entamoeba, andCryptosporidium species.

As used herein, the term “bacteria” shall mean members of a large groupof unicellular microorganisms that have cell walls but lack organellesand an organized nucleus. Synonyms for bacteria include the terms“microorganisms”, “microbes”, “germs”, “bacilli”, “pathogens”, and“prokaryotes.” Exemplary bacteria include, but are not limited toMycobacterium species, including M. tuberculosis; Staphylococcusspecies, including S. epidermidis, S. aureus, and methicillin-resistantS. aureus; Streptococcus species, including S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes,S. mutans, S. agalactiae, S. equi, S. canis, S. bovis, S. equinus, S.anginosus, S. sanguis, S. salivarius, S. mitis; other pathogenicStreptococcal species, including Enterococcus species, such as E.faecalis and E. faecium; Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas species,including P. aeruginosa, P. pseudomallei, and P. mallei; Salmonellaspecies, including S. enterocolitis, S. typhimurium, S. enteritidis, S.bongori, and S. choleruesuis; Shigella species, including S. flexneri,S. sonnei, S. dysenteriae, and S. boydii; Brucella species, including B.melitensis, B. suis, B. abortus, and B. pertussis; Neisseria species,including N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae; Escherichia coli,including enterotoxigenic E. roll (ETEC); Vibrio cholerae, Helicobacterpylori, Chlamydia trachomatis, Clostridium dijficile, Cryptococcusneoformans, Moraxella species, including M. catarrhalis, Campylobacterspecies, including C. jejuni; Corynebacterium species, including C.diphtheriae, C. ulcerans, C. pseudotuberculosis. C.pseudodiphtheriticum, C. urealyticum, C. hemolyticum, C. equi; Listeriamonocytogenes, Nocardia asteroides, Bacteroides species, Actinomycetesspecies, Treponema pallidum, Leptospirosa species, Klebsiellapneumoniae; Proteus sp., including Proteus vulgaris; Serratia species,Acinetobacter, Yersinia species. including Y. pestis and Y.pseudotuberculosis; Francisella tularensis, Enterobacter species,Bacteroides species, Legionella species, Borrelia burgdorferi, and thelike.

As used herein, the term “MRSA” shall mean the gram-positive bacteriummethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The term MRSAencompasses any strain of S. aureus that has developed, throughhorizontal gene transfer and natural selection, multiple drug resistanceto beta-lactam antibiotics.

As used herein, the term “C. Diff.” shall mean a species ofgram-positive spore-forming bacterium known as Clostridium difficile, orC. difficile, or C. diff or sometimes CDF/cdf. Clostridium difficileinfection (CDI) is a symptomatic infection caused by this bacteria whichcan cause C. difficile associated diarrhea or Clostridum difficilecolitis.

As used herein, the term “fungi” shall mean any member of the group ofsaprophytic and parasitic spore-producing eukaryotic typicallyfilamentous organisms formerly classified as plants that lackchlorophyll and include molds, rusts, mildews, smuts, mushrooms, andyeasts. Exemplary fungi include, but are not limited to, Aspergillusspecies, Dermatophytes, Blastomyces derinatitidis, Candida species,including C. albicans and C. krusei; Malassezia furfur, Exophialawerneckii, Piedraia hortai, Trichosporon beigelii, Pseudallescheriaboydii, Pneumocystis jiroveci, Madurella grisea, Histoplasma capsulatum,Sporothrix schenckii, Histoplasma capsulatum, Tinea species, includingT. versicolor, T. pedis T. unguium, T. cruris, T. capitus, T. corporis,T. barbae; Trichophyton species, including T. rubrum, T. interdigitale,T. tonsurans, T. violaceum, T. yaoundei, T. schoenleinii, T. megninii,T. soudanense, T. equinum, T. erinacei, and T. verrucosum; Mycoplasmagenitalia; Microsporum species, including M. audouini, ferrugineum, M.canis, M nanum, M. distortum, M. gypseum. M. fulvum, and the like.

As used herein, the term “protozoan” shall mean any member of a diversegroup of eukaryotes that are primarily unicellular, existing singly oraggregating into colonies, are usually nonphotosynthetic, and are oftenclassified further into phyla according to their capacity for and meansof motility, as by pseudopods, flagella, or cilia. Exemplary protozoansinclude, but are not limited to Plasmodium species, including P.falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, and P. malariae; Leishmania species,including L. major, L. tropica, L. donovani, L. infantum, L. chagasi, L.mexicana, L. panamensis, L. braziliensis and L. guyanensi;Cryptosporidium, Isospora belli, Toxoplasma gondii, Trichomonasvaginalis, and Cyclospora species.

As used herein, the term “targeted bioterror agents” includes, but isnot limited to, anthrax (Bacillus anthracis), botulism (Clostridiumbotulinum toxin), plague (Yersinia pestis), smallpox (Variola virus),tularemia (Franciscella tularensis) and viral hemorrhagic fever(arenaviruses, bunyaviruses, filoviruses, and arenaviruses), or otherCDC Category A Agents. Brucella species, Clostrodium perfringens,Salmonella species, Escherichia coli, and Shigella species, Burkholderiamallei, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Chlamydia psittaci, Coxiellabrunetii, Ricinus communis, Rickettsia prowazekii, Vibrio cholera, andCryptosporidium parvum, and alphaviruses, e.g., Venezuelan equineencephalitis, eastern equine encephalitis, and western equineencephalitis viruses and other CDC Category B Agents. Emerginginfectious disease infectious agents such as Nipah virus, hantavirus andother CDC Category C Agents.

In some embodiments, the coating agent is added in an amount thatconstitutes 0.1 to 10% (w/w), 0.1 to 5% (w/w), 0.1 to 2% (w/w), 0.1 to1% (w/w), 0.1 to 0.5% (w/w), 0.3 to 10% (w/w), 0.3 to 5% (w/w), 0.3 to2% (w/w), 0.3 to 1% (w/w), 1 to 10°i° (w/w), 1 to 5% (w/w), 1 to 2%(w/w), 3 to 10% (w/w) or 3 to 5% (w/w) of the final product.

In some embodiments, the coating agent is added in an amount thatconstitutes 0.5 to 3.5% (w/w) or 1 to 3% (w/w) of the final product. Insome embodiments, the coating agent is added in an amount thatconstitutes about 2% (w/w) of the final product.

The Sanitation Agent

The sanitation agent can be any agent having biocide activity and can beabsorbed by the coated granular absorbent of the present application.The sanitation agent comprise an active substance designed to destroy,inhibit, reduce activity, inhibit grow or otherwise render harmlessharmful organisms or toxic chemicals. In some embodiments, thesanitation agent is a liquid phase agent. In some embodiment, thesanitation agent is a liquid phase biocide. In some embodiment, thesanitation agent is a liquid phase chemical that inactivates or removestoxic chemicals, such as chemo therapy drugs. In some embodiments, theliquid phase biocide is added at an application site to provide chemicaldisinfection for immediate response.

Examples of liquid phase biocide include, but are not limited to,chlorine bleach solutions, hydrogen peroxide solutions, peracetic acid,quaternary amine solutions, alcohol solutions, periodine solutions,dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, dimethyl ethybenzyl ammonium chlorideand mixtures thereof.

Examples of liquid phase chemicals that can be used to inactivate orremove toxic chemicals include, but are not limited to, anionicsurfactants such as soap, sulfonates and sulfates. In some embodiments,large quantities of water is used to dilute the toxic chemicals.

In some embodiments, the sanitation agent is added in an amount thatconstitutes 0.1 to 10% (w/w), 0.1 to 3% (w/w), 0.1 to 1% (w/w), 0.1 to0.3% (w/w), 0.3 to 10% (w/w), 0.3 to 3% (w/w), 0.3 to 1% (w/w), 1 to 10%(w/w), 1 to 3% (w/w) or 3 to 10% (w/w) of the final product.

In some embodiments, the sanitation agent comprises dimethyl benzylammonium chloride or dimethyl ethybenzyl ammonium chloride. In someembodiments, the sanitation agent comprises a mixture of dimethyl benzylammonium chloride or dimethyl ethybenzyl ammonium chloride. In someembodiments, the sanitation agent is a 1:1 mixture of dimethyl benzylammonium chloride or dimethyl ethybenzyl ammonium chloride.

In some embodiments, the sanitation agent is a quatanary amine and isadded in an amount that constitutes 0.3 to 3% (w/w), 0.5 to 2% (w/w) or0.5 to 1.5% (w/w) of the final product. In some embodiments, thesanitation agent is a quatanary amine and is added in an amount thatconstitutes about 1% (w/w) of the final product.

Use of Surfactants as Sanitation Agents Against Viruses

Surfactants concentrated above their critical micelle concentration(CMC) in aqueous solution form micellar aggregates. Because proteins areelectrostatically diverse and possess hydrophobic, hydrophilic, anionic,and cationic regions, they can bind both anionic and cationicsurfactants strongly. Surfactants with charged head groups can alter theeffective surface charge of surfaces or particles by shielding oppositecharges or adding charge to a hydrophobic site. The high surfaceactivity of surfactants allows them to dictate protein stability andinteractions.

Anionic surfactants at low concentrations reduce the magnitude of theapparent capsid surface charge enough to induce particle aggregation forcapsids with a net negative surface charge. As the concentration ofcharged surfactant is increased beyond its CMC, the micelles cansolubilize capsid protein dimers and therefore disassemble the capsidstructure. Thus the surfactants are efficient in disrupting the virusstructure only above their CMC, this should be taken into account whenformulating virus cleaning and disinfectant systems with surfactants.Surfactant micellization results in the ability of strong surfactants todisrupt interactions between virus capsid proteins and solubilizeindividual proteins or dimers. Virus particle disassembly by surfactantis likely to lead to complete loss of infectivity, which can also beseverely disrupted by the dramatic apparent surface charge alterationand aggregation caused by ionic surfactant. Low concentrations of ionicsurfactants (below CMC) are likely to disrupt the virus infectivity muchless.

In a particular embodiment, anionic surfactants are used as a sanitationagent to destroy viruses. Typical anionic surfactants include soaps,sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), alkylbenzene sulfonates, alkyl sulfonates,alkyl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, salts of fluorinated fatty acids,silicones, fatty alcohol sulfates, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethersulfates, α-olefin sulfonate, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol phosphatesether, alkyl alcohol amide, alkyl sulfonic acid acetamide, alkylsuccinate sulfonate salts, amino alcohol alkylbenzene sulfonates,naphthenates, alkylphenol sulfonate and polyoxyethylene monolaurate.

In a particular embodiment, SDS is used as a sanitation agent absorbedin the granular ceramic material. SDS (or sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS)),chemical formula NaCl₂H₂5SO₄ (IUPAC, 2014), is a tensioactive detergentagent. SDS possesses a zwitterionic form in aqueous solution with twodistinct portions, polar and apolar, at opposite ends of a singlemolecule. The polar end is formed by a sulfate group while the oppositeend, apolar, is composed by a long chain hydrocarbon, which may belinear, branched or aromatic according to the diluent solution. Thechemical nature of SDS provides adequate ionic balance, solubilizingfats and oils, and the formation of microemulsions, hence it is suitableas an ingredient in cleaning products.

Direct contact of SDS with cells will cause physical and biochemicaleffects. In particular, SDS is able to undo the barrier capacity of thecellular membrane due to its effect on lipids. The effects of SDS dependon absolute concentrations and lipid/surfactant molar ratios. When inlow concentrations of surfactants, cell membranes lose their barriercapacity increasing permeability. On the other hand, equal or superiorsurfactant/lipid ratios cause cell lysis. If levels of surfactant (SDS)exceed cytolytic concentrations, the lamellar structure of the membraneis solubilized releasing proteins, lipoproteins and micelles, resultingin a complete cell lysis. Similarly, when used in the context ofdecontamination of surfaces contaminated by viruses that have a lipidenvelope, SDS, or other anionic surfactants are effective at breaking upthe lipid envelope, and thereby ending viral infectivity.

The Modifying Agent

The modifying agent is added to the coated granular absorbent or theabsorbed-and-coated granular absorbent in an amount to achieve desiredphysical characteristics (e.g., non-dusty and clump, ease of pick up,liquid loadability, etc.) in the final product. Examples of themodifying agent include, but are not limited to, thickening agents,gums, absorbent polymers, tackifiers, and combinations thereof.

As used herein, the term “thickening agent” may include any materialknown or otherwise effective in providing suspending, gelling,viscosifying, solidifying or thickening properties to the composition orwhich otherwise provide structure to the final product form. Thesethickening agents may include gelling agents, polymeric or nonpolymericagents, inorganic thickening agents, or viscosifying agents. The amountand type of the thickening agent may vary depending upon the desiredcharacteristics of the final product.

As used herein, the term “tackifier” refers to polymeric adhesives whichincrease the tack, i.e., the inherent stickiness or self-adhesion, ofthe compositions so that after a short period of gentle pressure theyadhere firmly to surfaces. Examples of suitable tackifiers comprisehigh-flexibility resins such as, but not limited to, homopolymers ofalkyl(meth)acrylates, especially alkyl acrylates, such as poly(isobutylacrylate) or poly(2-ethylhexyl acrylate), linear polyesters, as commonlyused for coil coating, linear difunctional oligomers, curable withactinic radiation, with a number average molecular weight of more than2000, in particular from 3000 to 4000, based on polycarbonatediol orpolyester-diol, linear vinyl ether homopolymers or copolymers based onethyl, propyl, isobutyl, butyl and/or 2-ethylhexyl vinyl ether, ornonreactive urethane urea oligomers, which are prepared frombis(4,4-isocyanatophenyl)methane, N,N-dimethylethanolamine or diols suchas propanediol, hexanediol or dimethylpentanediol.

In some embodiments, the modifying agent comprises a high-molecularsubstance that absorbs liquids, preferably water, swells, and finally isconverted to a viscous true or colloidal solution.

In some embodiments, the modifying agent comprises one or more siliconegums. As used herein, the term “silicone gum” means a silicone polymerhaving a degree of polymerization sufficient to provide a siliconehaving a gum-like texture. In certain cases the silicone polymer formingthe gum may be crosslinked.

In some embodiments, the modifying agent comprises a polymer. As usedherein, Examples of the polymers include, but is not limited to, naturaland synthetic polymers such as polyacrylamide (ACAM) and carboxymethylcellulose.

In some embodiments, the polymers of the present application includes,but are not limited to, polyacrylates such as sodium polyacrylates, andcarboxymethyl cellulose.

In some embodiments, the modifying agent comprises one or moresuper-absorbent polymer. The term “super-absorbent polymer” isunderstood to mean hydrophilic polymer structure capable of absorbingwater or saline solution at greater than 10 g of pure water/saline pergram of dry-based material (>10 g/g). Examples of super-absorbentpolymers include, but are not limited to, sodium polyacrylates andcarboxymethyl cellulose.

In some embodiments, the one or more modifying agents further compriseone or more additives selected from the group comprising denaturingagents, colorant agents, odor correctors, and/or pH regulators.

In some embodiments, the one or more modifying agents are added in anamount that constitute 0.1 to 5% (w/w), 0.1 to 2% (w/w), 0.1 to 1%(w/w), 0.1 to 0.3% (w/w), 0.3 to 5% (w:w), 0.3 to 2% (w/w), 0.3 to 1%(w/w), 1 to 5% (w/w), 1 to 2% (w/w) or 2 to 5% (w/w) of the finalproduct.

The Cleaning Composition

Another aspect of the present application relates to a cleaningcomposition. The cleaning composition contains a granular absorbentmaterial coated with a coating agent. Examples of the coating agent havebeen described above. In some embodiments, the coating agent contains abiocide. In some embodiments, the biocide comprises an agent selectedfrom the group consisting of silanes, siloxanes,aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, quaternary amines, fumed metal hydroxides,silver and salts of silver, copper and salts of copper. In someembodiments, the biocide forms a static film on the surface of thegranular absorbent material. In some embodiments, the granular absorbentmaterial contains activated carbon, fumed silica, fine perlite,zeolites, processed clays or combinations thereof. In some embodiments,the coating agent constitutes 0.1 to 5% (w/w), 0.1 to 2% (w/w), 0.1 to1% (w/w), 0.1 to 0.3% (w/w), 0.3 to 5% (w/w), 0.3 to 2% (w/w), 0.3 to 1%(w/w), 1 to 5% (w/w), 1 to 2% (w/w) or 2 to 5% (w/w) of the cleaningcomposition.

In some embodiments, the granular absorbent material contains ceramicminerals. In some embodiments, the granular absorbent material containsperlite and/or vermiculite. In some embodiments, the granular absorbentmaterial has a surface area per mass ratio in the range of 100-10,000m²/g, 100-9,000 m²/g, 100-8,001) m²/g, 3004,000 m²/g, 1,000-8,000 m²/g,2,000-8,000 m²/g, 3,000-8,000 m²/g, 4,000-8,000 m²/g, 5,000-8,000 m²/g,6,000-8.000 m²/g, 7,000-8,000 m²/g, 100-7,000 m²/g, 300-7,000 m²/g,1,000-7,000 m²/g, 2,000-7,000 m²/g, 3,000-7,000 m²/g, 4,000-7,000 m²/g,5,000-7,000 m²/g, 6,000-7,000 m²/g, 100-6,000 m²/g, 300-6,000 m²/g,1,000-6,000 m²/g, 2,000-6,000 m²/g, 3,000-6,000 m²/g, 4,000-6,000 m²/g,5,000-6,000 m²/g, 100-4,000 m²/g, 300-4,000 m²/g, 1,000-4,000 m²/g,2,000-4,000 m²/g, 3,000-4,000 m²/g, 100-3,000 m²/g, 300-3,000 m²/g,1,000-3,000 m²/g, 2,000-3,000 m²/g, 100-2,000 m²/g, 300-2,000 m²/g, or1,000-2,000 m²/g.

In some embodiments, the granular absorbent material has a surface areaper mass ratio up to 10,000 m²/g. In some embodiments, the granularabsorbent material has a surface area per mass ratio up to 9,000 m²/g.In some embodiments, the granular absorbent material has a surface areaper mass ratio up to 8,000 m²/g. In some embodiments, the granularabsorbent material has a surface area per mass ratio up to 7,000 m²/g.In some embodiments, the granular absorbent material has a surface areaper mass ratio up to 6,000 m²/g.

In some embodiments, the granular absorbent material has a surface areaper mass ratio of 100 m²/g or greater. In some embodiments, the granularabsorbent material has a surface area per mass ratio of 300 m²/g orgreater. In some embodiments, the granular absorbent material has asurface area per mass ratio of 1,000 m²/g or greater. In someembodiments, the granular absorbent material has a surface area per massratio of 2,000 m²/g or greater. In some embodiments, the granularabsorbent material has a surface area per mass ratio of 3,000 m²/g orgreater. In some embodiments, the granular absorbent material has asurface area per mass ratio of 4,000 m²/g or greater. In someembodiments, the granular absorbent material has a surface area per massratio of 5,000 m²/g or greater.

In some embodiments, the granular absorbent material has a surface areaper mass ratio in the range of 1000-6,000 m²/g.

In some embodiments, the granular absorbent material has a surface areaper volume ratio in the range of 100-5,000 m²/ml, 300-5,000 m²/ml,1,000-5,000 m²; ml, 2,000-5,000 m²/ml, 3,000-5,000 m²/ml, 4,000-5,000m²/ml, 100-4,000 m²/ml, 300-4,000 m²/ml, 1,000-4,000 m²/ml, 2,000-54,000m²/ml, 3,000-4,000 m²/ml, 100-3,000 m²/ml, 300-3,000 m²/ml, 1,000-3,000m²/ml, 2,000-3,000 m²/ml, 100-2,000 m²/ml, 300-2,000 m²/ml, or1,000-2,000 m²/ml.

In some embodiments, the granular absorbent material has a surface areaper volume ratio up to 5,000 m²/ml. In some embodiments, the granularabsorbent material has a surface area per volume ratio up to 4,000m²/ml. In some embodiments, the granular absorbent material has asurface area per volume ratio up to 3,000 m²/ml.

In some embodiments, the granular absorbent material has a surface areaper volume ratio of 100 m²/ml or greater. In some embodiments, thegranular absorbent material has a surface area per volume ratio of 300m²/mL or greater. In some embodiments, the granular absorbent materialhas a surface area per volume ratio of 1,000 m²/ml or greater. In someembodiments, the granular absorbent material has a surface area pervolume ratio of 2,000 m²/ml or greater. In some embodiments, thegranular absorbent material has a surface area per volume ratio in therange of 1000-3,000 m²/ml.

In some embodiments, the granular absorbent material constitutes 10-70%(w/w), 10-60% (w/w), 10-50% (w/w), 10-40% (w/w), 10-30% (w/w), 10-20%(w/w), 20-70% (w/w), 20-60% (w/w), 20-50% (w/w), 20-40% (w/w), 20-30%(w/w), 30-70% (w/w), 30-60% (w/w), 30-50% (w/w), 30-40% (w/w), 40-70%(w/w), 40-60% (w/w), 40-50% (w/w), 50-70% (w/w), 50-70% (w/w) or 60-70%(w/w) of the cleaning composition. In some embodiments, the granularabsorbent material constitutes 25-30% (w/w) of the final product. Insome embodiments, the granular absorbent material constitutes about 27%(w/w) of the cleaning composition.

In some embodiments, the cleaning composition further comprises asanitation agent absorbed in the coated granular absorbent material.Examples of the sanitation agent have been described above.

In some embodiments, the sanitation agent comprise an active substancedesigned to destroy, inhibit, reduce activity, inhibit grow or otherwiserender harmless harmful organisms or toxic chemicals. In someembodiments, the sanitation agent is a liquid phase agent. In someembodiment, the sanitation agent is a liquid phase biocide. In someembodiment, the sanitation agent is a liquid phase chemical thatinactivates toxic chemicals, such as chemo therapy drugs.

Examples of liquid phase biocide include, but are not limited to,chlorine bleach solutions, hydrogen peroxide solutions, peracetic acid,quaternary amine solutions, periodine, alcohol solutions, dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride, dimethyl ethybenzyl ammonium chloride andmixtures thereof.

Examples of liquid phase chemicals that can be used to inactivate orremove toxic chemicals include, but are not limited to, anionicsurfactants such as soap, sulfonates and sulfates. In some embodiments,large quantities of water is used to dilute the toxic chemicals.

In some embodiments, the sanitation agent constitutes 0.1 to 10% (w/w),0.1 to 3% (w/w), 0.1 to 1% (w/w), 0.1 to 0.3% (w/w), 0.3 to 10% (w/w),0.3 to 3% (w/w), 0.3 to 1% (w/w), 1 to 10% (w/w), 1 to 3% (w/w) or 3 to10% (w/w) of the cleaning composition.

In some embodiments, the sanitation agent comprises dimethyl benzylammonium chloride or dimethyl ethybenzyl ammonium chloride. In someembodiments, the sanitation agent comprises a mixture of dimethyl benzylammonium chloride or dimethyl ethybenzyl ammonium chloride. In someembodiments, the sanitation agent is a 1:1 mixture of dimethyl benzylammonium chloride or dimethyl ethybenzyl ammonium chloride.

In some embodiments, the cleaning composition further comprises one ormore modifying agent. Examples of the sanitation agent have beendescribed above. In some embodiments, the modifying agent comprises athickening agent, a tackifier, a gum, an absorbent polymers orcombinations thereof. In some embodiments, the one or more modifyingagents comprise a carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-derived polymer and/or ahierarchically porous carbons (HPC)-derived polymer.

In some embodiments, the one or more modifying agents further compriseone or more additives selected from the group comprising denaturingagents, colorant agents, odor correctors, and/or pH regulators.

In some embodiments, the one or more modifying agents constitute 0.1 to5% (w/w), 0.1 to 2% (w/w), 0.1 to 1% (w/w), 0.1 to 0.3% (w/w), 0.3 to 5%(w/w), 0.3 to 2% (w/w), 0.3 to 1% (w/w), 1 to 5% (w/w), 1 to 2% (w/w) or2 to 5% (w/w) of the cleaning composition.

In some embodiments, the cleaning composition has a liquid loadingcapability in the range of 10-50% by volume, 15-45% by volume, 20-40% byvolume, 25-35% by volume, or 25-30% by volume. In other embodiments, thecleaning composition has a liquid loading capability of 100-400% by massaddition, 150-350% by mass addition, or 200-300% by mass addition. Insome embodiments, the cleaning composition of the present application iscapable of absorbing liquid at a liquid loading of 25-30% by volume or200-300% by mass addition.

In some embodiments, the cleaning composition is specifically designedto kill or inactivate enveloped viruses, such as coronaviruses. In someembodiments, the cleaning composition comprises ethyl alcohol, isopropylalcohol, chlorine or hypochlorites, chlorine dioxide, sodiumdichloroisocyanurate, and chloramine-T, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde,hydrogen peroxide, iodophors, ortho-phthalaldehyde, peracetic acid,phenolics, quaternary ammonium compounds, or in conjunction withsuperoxidized water.

Method of Use

Another aspect of the present application relates to a method of usingthe cleaning composition of the present application. The methodcomprises the steps of applying an effective amount of the cleaningcomposition of the present application to a surface in need of cleaning,and remove the cleaning composition after a period of time.

In some embodiments, the period of time is from 30 seconds to 30minutes. In some embodiments, the period of time is from 1 to 30minutes, from 1 to 20 minutes, from 1 to 10 minutes, from 2 to 30minutes, from 2 to 20 minutes, from 2 to 10 minutes, from 5 to 30minutes, from 5 to 20 minutes and from 5 to 10 minutes.

In some embodiments, the surface in need of cleaning comprises abiohazard spill. In some embodiments, the biohazard spill is vomit,urine, blood, feces, and/or a chemo therapy drug. In some embodiments,the surface in need of cleaning is a surface in a public area and needsto be treated to prevent or reduce cross contamination or infection. Asused herein, the term “public area” includes, but is not limited to,hospitals, doctors' offices, urgent care facilities, nursing homes,prisons and related correction facilities, schools, buses, aircraft,airports, bars, restaurants, hotels, amusement parks, any largegathering institution facilities, veterinary facilities and drugresearch and development facilities. In some embodiments, the publicarea is located in a hotel.

In some embodiments, the method further comprises the step of: washingthe treated surface with a liquid or wiping the surface with a wipingmaterial, such as paper tower or mops, after the removal of the cleaningcomposition.

Another aspect of the present application relates to a method ofdisinfecting an affected area to prevent or reduce the distribution ofpathogens such as viruses and bacteria. The method comprises the stepsof apply an effective amount of the cleaning composition of the presentapplication to the affected area and remove the cleaning compositionafter a period of time, wherein the cleaning composition contains agranular absorbent material coated with a static, surface bonded film ofbiocide selected from the group consisting of silanes, siloxanes,aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, quaternary amines, fumed metal hydroxides,silver and salts of silver, copper and salts of copper. In someembodiments, the cleaning composition further comprises a sanitationagent selected from the group consisting of chlorine bleach solutions,hydrogen peroxide solutions, per acetic acid, quaternary amine solutionsand alcohol solutions. In some embodiments, the sanitation agent isadded to the cleaning composition immediately prior to the applicationto the affected area.

In some embodiments, the cleaning composition of the present applicationis a multi-phase product that can be used to kill microbes through anumber of different mechanisms. In one embodiment, the composition is adoped granular ceramic disinfectant which combines a surface area staticdisinfectant or biocide coating with a chemical phase primarydisinfectant or biocide absorbed in the ceramic particles. As usedherein, the term “disinfectant” describes the composition andformulations described herein for the elimination of pathogens fromsurfaces. As used herein, the term “disinfect” shall mean theelimination of many or all pathogens on a surface to which disinfectantis administered.

In some embodiments, the cleaning composition of the present applicationis a surface area solid phase disinfectant that combines with a superabsorbent polymer so that liquid loadings (e.g., 25-30% byvolume/200-300% by mass addition) of available liquid can be added so asto impart chemical disinfection, to impart deodorizing chemicals or toimpart a blanketing effect on the affected area so as to reduce thespread of microbe into the open air.

In some embodiments, the cleaning composition of the present applicationis a high surface area solid phase disinfectant with the addition oftackifiers, so that it lays on a bio hazard and forms a blanket whichgreatly reduces the release of airborne pathogens.

In certain embodiments, the cleaning composition is designed to besprayable on surfaces that may be contaminated with a virus. The blendof a sprayable cleaning composition can depend on the dispensing form(e.g., hose or trigger spray) and according to the surface that has tobe decontaminated.

Decontamination of Surfaces Contaminated With Viruses

Surfaces likely to become contaminated with viruses include medical andveterinary areas that come into contact with blood, body fluids, orinternal mucosae of humans and animals. In terms of risk of virustransmission, these are considered to be critical contacts or, when onlymucosae are involved, semicritical. Environmental surfaces aredesignated as critical only if they are in areas where highlysusceptible individuals are housed, e.g., neonatal intensive care units,burn units, operating suites, nursing care homes, etc.

Proper decontamination can only occur when there is direct contact foran adequate time between an appropriate concentration of cleaningcomposition and the virus. When contaminated surfaces are treated, thenthe nature and properties of the surface also become factors in thedecontamination process. The presence of other substances with which thecleaning composition reacts influences both the degree of cleaningcomposition contact with the

The surfaces which may be likely to carry contaminating viruses can bebroadly categorized as nonporous inanimate, porous inanimate (e.g.,linen), and animate (e.g., skin). Functionally, nonporous inanimatesurfaces can be divided into instruments used for medical and veterinaryprocedures which are soaked in disinfectant solution between use, andenvironmental surfaces and objects which are usually decontaminated bywiping with towels, etc. Such surface may include everything from eggshells to cement, but, in practice, stainless steel, plastics, ceramics,glass, and painted surfaces are the most likely to be treated withdecontaminants regularly.

When cleaning premises are attended by the public, frequently touchedsurfaces should be cleaned as often as possible (at least daily and ifpossible more frequently). Examples of these surfaces are doorknobs anddoor bars, chairs and armrests, tabletops, light switches, handrails,water taps, elevator buttons, etc. After ventilation, healthcare orother shared work areas should be carefully cleaned with a neutraldetergent, followed by decontamination of surfaces using the cleaningcomposition. Cleaning of toilets, bathroom sinks and sanitary facilitiesneed to be carefully performed, avoiding splashes. Decontamination withthe cleaning composition should follow normal cleaning.

In some embodiments, the cleaning composition of the present applicationis used in a procedure specifically designed to kill or inactivateenveloped viruses, such as coronaviruses.

The following examples are offered by way of illustration of certainembodiments of aspects of the application herein. None of the examplesshould be considered limiting on the scope of the application.

Kits

Another aspect of the present application relates to a cleaning kit. Thekit can be used for cleaning up hazardous materials, such as vomit,urine, blood, feces, and/or a spill of chemo therapy drug, ordisinfecting a surface. In some embodiments, the kit contains thecleaning composition of the present application and instructions on howto use the cleaning composition.

In some embodiments, the kit further contains a copy of OSHA guidelines.In some embodiments, the kit further contains one or more of thefollowing: biohazard bags, gloves, twist tie, antimicrobial hand wipe,germicidal wipe, scoop/scraper.

The cleaning kit can be conveniently placed in locations within quickreach of all caregivers. For example; all patient and chemotherapyrooms, case & crash carts, emergency vehicles, cafeteria, environmentalservices closets, and within or near first aid kits, etc.

Example 1: Tests of the Virucidal Effect of the Cleaning Composition ofthe Present Application Grow VR-728 Feline Calicivirus Strain F-9

Materials: CCL-94 cells, T-75 flask with CCL-94 cells, 70% confluent, 6well plates with CCL-94 cells, 70% confluent, EMEM, FBS, VR-728 Felinecalicivirus Strain F-9, 50 ml conical tube, Serological pipette,stripettes, 35° C. Incubator, Cleanup,

Methods

1. Viral stock=1:10 dilution, 1 ml virus+9 ml serum free EMEM

2. Remove medium from all flasks and plates

3. Add serum free media and virus to each flask and plat

-   -   a. Flask 1:2 ml virus+βml media    -   b. Flask 2:1.5 ml virus+8.5 ml media    -   c. Plate 1: virus+media in all 6 cells    -   d. Plate 2

13 mg clean up 7.5 mg Clean Up Virus 1 mL media 1 ml media Media Cells13 mg clean up 7.5 mg Clean Up Virus 1 mL media 1 ml media Media Cells

4. Incubate at 35° C. for 1½ hours

5. Prepare media: EMEM+2% FBS and filter

6. Add 15 ml media to each flask

7. Add 1 ml media to each well in each plate

Harvest VR-728 Feline Calicivirus Strain F-9

1. Combine media from Flask 1 and 2 and Plate 1

2. Cells were divided into 10, 15 ml conical tubes containing 10 mlvirus each

3. Store at −80° C.

Materials: VR-728 Feline calicivirus Strain F-9, EMEM+2% FBS, CleanUp,6-well plates with CCL-94 Cells, 70% confluent, Beaker, 1.5 mlcentrifuge Tube, Centrifuge, 35° C. incubator, Cell Scraper, CellCounter

Methods

1. Virus diluted in EMEM+2% FBS at 1:50.

2. Measure 2 sets of 2 g, 3 g, 4 g, 5 g, 6 g of CleanUp and place eachin a separate beaker.

3. Add 4 ml virus to 6 ml Cleaning Powder and allow it to sit for 5minutes.

4. Remove Clean Up from each beaker.

5. Add 3 ml media to each beaker.

6. Repeat steps 3-5 for 10 minutes.

7. Take 1 ml from each beaker and add to a 1.5 ml centrifuge tube.Centrifuge at 2200 RPM, 4° C., 4 minutes.

8. Remove media from plate containing CCL-94 cells.

9. Add 301.11 Clean Up and 3 ml media to each well

10. Incubate for one hour.

11. Scrape Cells and place media into 15 ml tubes.

12. Determine cell death

Cells + 1 g Clean Up Cells + 1 g Clean Up Cells Cells + Virus Cells +Virus Cells

Results

Compared to untreated virus samples, virus samples treated with CleanUpshowed significantly reduced cytotoxicity, indicating activation of thevirus by CleanUp.

Example 2: Tests of the Cleaning Composition of the Present Applicationwith the Initial Virucidal Effectiveness Test

The virucidal effect of the cleaning composition of the presentapplication is further tested using the Initial Virucidal EffectivenessTest protocol provided by the Antimicrobials Division of the UnitedStates Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA).

Briefly, this test is designed to validate virucidal effectivenessclaims for a product to be registered as a virucide. It determines thepotential of the test agent to disinfect hard, non-porous surfacescontaminated with NOROVIRUS. This test is designed to simulate consumeruse, conforms to EPA Guidelines DIS/TSS-7, November 1981, and followsthe general procedure outlined in the FR notice for another surrogatevirus available online 1 and Virucidal Testing Format and StatisticsPrimer issued by EPA (March 2000).

TESTING CONDITIONS: Two lots of the test agents will be used toinactivate the challenge virus that has been dried on a sterile glasssurface (two replicates for each batch/lot of the test agents). The testagent will be tested in a manner consistent with the label directionsfor use of the test agent or as specified by the Sponsor.

Materials:

A. Test control and reference substances: supplied by the Sponsor (seelast page). The test agent will be tested as supplied by the Sponsorunless directed otherwise. The Sponsor, before the initiation oftesting, must specify all operations performed on the test agent such asdilutions of the test agent, the diluent for the test agent, orspecialized storage conditions.

The test agent must be tested for identity, strength, purity, stabilityand uniformity as applicable. All unused test agent will be retained fora period after completion of the test, then discarded in a manner thatmeets the approval of the safety officer.

B. Materials can include, but are not limited to:

1. Challenge virus as requested by the sponsor of the study: Felinecalicivirus (American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, Va.; ATCCVR-782).

2. Host cell line: Crandel Reese Feline Kidney (CRFK) cell (AmericanType Culture Collection, Manassas, Va.; ATCC CCL 94).). CRFK cells willbe grown in Cell Culture Media (Eagle's Minimum Essential Mediacontaining $5% Fetal Bovine Serum) containing Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS).The FCV will be grown by inoculating confluent cell monolayers, no morethan 24-48 hours in age, using low multiplicity of infection (MOI).Briefly, a flask of host cells grown in cell culture media containing10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) will be used. The percent FBS contained inthe stock virus aliquot will be adjusted to yield a minimum of a 5%organic soil load. Cells will be washed three times with phosphatebuffered saline (PBS) and inoculated with virus. Post-virus adsorption,the cell monolayer will be washed once in Earle's balanced salt solution(EBSS), re-fed with cell culture media and incubated. The cytopathiceffects (CPE) will be described as small, rounding of the cells, with aslight granular look. The CPE will start to develop in 1-2 daysfollowing inoculation, and will be harvested when more than 90%cytopathic effects (CPE) are observed. Post-incubation, the cells willbe disrupted, with cell debris removed by centrifugation. Stock viruswill be prepared by collecting the supernatant culture fluid from75-100°10 infected culture cells. The supernatant will be removed,aliquoted, and stored in an ultra-low temperature freezer until the dayof use. On the day of use an aliquot will be removed, thawed andrefrigerated until use in the assay.

3. Laboratory equipment and supplies, and

4. Media and reagent:

a. Cell Culture Media (Eagle's Minimum Essential Media containing $5%Fetal Bovine Serum)

b. Earle's Balanced Salt Solution (EBSS)

c. Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS)

d. Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS)

e. Sephadex™/Sephacryl™ columns (if necessary)

f. Neutralizer

TEST SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION: All Petri dishes, dilution tube racks, andhost-containing apparatus will be labeled with the followinginformation: virus, host, test agent, and project number.

Experimental Design:

A. Inoculum preparation: The F-9 strain of Feline calicivirus (FCV) willbe obtained from the American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, Va.,(ATCC VR-782). The FCV will be grown by inoculating confluent cellmonolayers, no more than 24-48 hours in age, using low multiplicity ofinfection (MOI). Briefly, a flask of host cells grown in cell culturemedia containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) will be used. Cells willbe washed three times with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) andinoculated with virus. Post-virus adsorption, the cell monolayer will bewashed once in Earle's balanced salt solution (EBSS), re-fed with cellculture media and incubated. The cytopathic effects (CPE) are describedas small, rounding of the cells, with a slight granular look. The CPEstarts to develop in 1-2 days following inoculation, and will beharvested when more than ninety percent cytopathic effects (CPE) areobserved. Post-incubation, the cells will be disrupted, with cell debrisremoved by centrifugation.

Stock virus will be prepared by collecting the supernatant culture fluidfrom 75-100% infected culture cells. The supernatant will be removed,aliquoted, and stored in an ultra-low temperature freezer until the dayof use. On the day of use an aliquot is removed, thawed and refrigerateduntil use in the assay. The percent FBS contained in the stock virusaliquot is adjusted to yield a minimum of a 5% organic soil load. If theSponsor chooses a soil load greater than 5%, the percent FBS containedin the stock virus aliquot will be adjusted to yield the percent soilload requested.

B. Carrier Preparation: An aliquot of 0.2 ml stock virus will be spreaduniformly over the bottoms of 100×15 mm sterile glass Petri dishes witha cell scraper. The virus will be air-dried at room temperature for30-60 minutes (until visibly dry). The drying conditions (temperatureand humidity) will be appropriate for the test virus to obtain maximumsurvival following drying. The actual drying time and temperature willbe recorded. Two carriers will be prepared for each lot of test agentand plate recovery control. Additionally, one carrier per test agent lotwill be prepared for the neutralizer effectiveness control using cellculture media in place of stock virus.

C. Test agent preparation: The test agent will be prepared and usedaccording to the Sponsor's directions or proposed label claims.

D. Test: For each of two batches of test substance, two dried virusfilms will be exposed to 2.0 ml of the use dilution of the testsubstance, or to the amount of spray released under use conditions(spray products) for a specified exposure time and temperature. Postcontact time, the test agent will be neutralized and the mixture will bescraped from the surface of the dish. This will be consideredapproximately one log₁₀ dilution.

1. Sephadex™/Sephacryl™ Filtration. If columns are utilized, each samplewill be loaded into individual pre-spun Sephadex™/Sephacryl™ columns.Virus-test substance mixture will be passed through individual columnsutilizing the syringe plunger or centrifugation in order to detoxify themixture. The aseptically collected samples will be diluted asappropriate.

2. If columns are not used, serial tenfold dilutions of neutralizedvirus will be prepared in cell culture media. For spray-type agents, theagent will be used as per Sponsor's instructions, the volume produced bythe spray product during the spraying application specified by thesponsor will be measured prior to testing and an equivalent quantity ofthe neutralizer will be applied post contact time. Following applicationof the test agent, contact time, and neutralization, the procedure forprocessing the samples will the same as described earlier (see above).

E. Infection, cell maintenance and infectivity assays: Selecteddilutions of the neutralized inoculum/test agent mixture will be addedto cultured cell monolayers. Four wells per dilution will be added tothe host cell monolayers and incubated at 37±2° C. in 5±1% CO₂ for 5-7days. Post incubation the infectious FCV will be scored microscopicallyby observing virus-specific cytopathic effects (CPE) produced byreplicating infectious virus. The CPE associated with FCV is visuallyevidenced under the microscope by the presence of small, shrinking cellsthat have detached from the monolayer. These changes will be scored incomparison with the negative control (cell viability control).

F. Controls: All controls will be performed at the same time as thetest, incubated under the same conditions and assayed in the same manneras the test (see above). Neutralizer effectiveness control, Cytotoxicitycontrol and Cytotoxicity-related viral interference control will beperformed for test agent(s).

1. Cell viability control. This control will demonstrate that cellsremain viable throughout the course of the assay period. In addition, itwill confirm sterility of the cell culture employed throughout the assayperiod. Four wells will receive cell culture media only.

2. Virus stock titer. The challenge virus will be titered at the time ofthe test to determine the relative infectivity of the virus and todemonstrate the susceptibility of the host cells to support infection ofFCV. The virus inoculum will be serial diluted tenfold in cell culturemedia. Selected dilutions will be inoculated into four wells perdilution and incubated under the same conditions as the test.

3. Plate recovery control (PRC). Two ml of cell culture media will beadded to the dried virus. Post-contact time, the virus/cell culturemixture will be subjected to the identical neutralization procedure asthe test agent. If columns are used, a portion of the virus/cell culturemedia/neutralizer mixture will be used for the column titer control (seebelow). This control will determine the relative loss in virusinfectivity resulting from drying and neutralization alone. The resultsfrom the PRC will be compared with the test results to confirm recoveryof at least four log₁₀ of infectious virus following drying andneutralization. Its titer will be used to compare with the titers of thetest results to reach the acceptable test criteria (see below).

4. Neutralizer effectiveness control (NEC). The neutralization procedurewill be dependent upon the active ingredient present in the test agentand in the internal control test agent. For this control, each lot ofthe test agent will be processed exactly as the test procedure, butinstead of the viral inoculum, cell culture media will be added. Postneutralization, the sample will be divided into three portions [two forcytotoxicity related controls (see below) and one for neutralizereffectiveness].

If columns are used, each sample will be passed through individualcolumns and the eluate will be serial diluted as appropriate in cellculture media. If columns are not used, the neutralizer effectivenesssamples will be serial diluted tenfold in cell culture media. Thediluted samples will be mixed with low titer virus, held for a periodequivalent to contact time and assayed for viral infectivity and/orcytotoxicity (see below), in order to determine the dilution of testagent at which virucidal activity, if any, is retained. Then theselected dilutions will be used to inoculate host cells as described forthe test procedure. Dilutions that show virucidal activity will not beconsidered in determining reduction of viral infectivity by the testagent.

5. Cytotoxicity control (CT). A CT control will be run to determine ifthe product is toxic to the cells. Each lot of the neutralized testagent will be run to determine cytotoxicity. The CT sample, acquiredfrom the NEC, will be serial diluted tenfold in cell culture media,having no virus added. Selected dilutions will be inoculated andincubated in the same manner as the test and control samples.

G. Calculations. Viral and cytotoxicity titers will be expressed as−log₁₀ of the 50 percent titration endpoint infectivity (TCID₅₀),respectively, as calculated by the method of Spearman Karber.

−Log of 1^(1st) dilution inoculated -[(Sum of % mortality at eachdilution/100) −0.5)×(logarithm of dilution)]

The log₁₀ reduction in infectivity will be calculated using the revisedEPA approved method for calculating the Most Probable Number (MPN) asobtained from the EPA on Jan. 4, 2001.

Example 3: Testing of Efficacy in Different Environments and AgainstMultiple Pathogens

The cleaning composition of the present application is tested foreffectiveness according to EPA standard operating procedures to measurethe effectiveness of hard surface disinfectants against Staphylococcusaureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella choleraesuis, Mycobacteriumbovis, Clostridium difficile, and viruses. The standard operatingprocedures are based on strict interpretations of AOAC International andASTM International standard methods.

In an exemplary test, the cleaning composition of the presentapplication is tested as a germicidal spray product with testing foreffectiveness against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa andSalmonella enterica (EPA Method ID: MB-06-08 dated Sep. 22, 2014).

Test cultures of the bacterium are prepared as follows: Defrost a singlecryovial at room temperature and briefly vortex to mix. Add 10 μt, ofthe thawed frozen stock (single use) to a tube containing 10 mL ofculture medium (Synthetic broth is used for S. aureus, P. aeruginosa andS. enterica. Nutrient broth may be used for P. aeruginosa.). Vortex, andincubate at 36±1° C. for 24±2 h. One daily transfer is required prior tothe inoculation of a final test culture. Daily cultures may besubcultured for up to 5 days; each daily culture may be used to generatea test culture. For S. aureus and S. enterica only, briefly vortex the24 h cultures prior to transfer. For the final subculture transfer,inoculate a sufficient number of 20×150 mm tubes containing 10 mL growthmedium (e.g., synthetic broth or nutrient broth) with 10 μL per tube ofthe 24 h culture then vortex to mix. Incubate 48-54 h at 36±1° C.without shaking.

Carrier inoculation is carried out as follows: Inoculate approximately80 carriers; 60 carriers are required for testing, 6 for control carriercounts, and 1 for the viability control. For P. aeruginosa, remove thepellicle from the broth either by decanting the liquid aseptically intoa sterile tube, by gently aspirating the broth away from the pellicleusing a pipette, or by vacuum removal. Avoid harvesting pellicle fromthe bottom of the tube. Transfer test culture after pellicle removalinto sterile 25×150 mm test tubes (up to approximately 20 mL: per tube)and visually inspect for pellicle fragments. Presence of pellicle in thefinal culture makes it unusable for testing.

For S. aureus and S. enterica, using a vortex-style mixer, mix 48-54 htest cultures 3-4 s and let stand 10 min at room temperature beforecontinuing. Remove the upper portion of each culture (e.g., upper ¾ orapproximately 7.5 mL), leaving behind any debris or clumps, and transferto a sterile flask; pool cultures in the flask and swirl to mix.

For S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and S. enterica, using a vortex-stylemixer, mix 48-54 h test cultures 3-4 s and let stand 10 min at roomtemperature before continuing. Remove the upper portion of each culture(e.g., upper ¾ or approximately 7.5 mL), leaving behind any debris orclumps, and pool culture into a sterile flask; swirl to mix. Measure andrecord the OD at 650 nm. Use sterile broth medium to calibrate thespectrophotometer. Note: To achieve mean carrier counts within theappropriate range (see section 8), the final test culture may be diluted(e.g., one part culture plus one part sterile broth) prior to theaddition of the OSL to the inoculum using the sterile culture mediumused to generate the final test culture (e.g., synthetic broth). Use thediluted test culture for carrier inoculation within 30 min. Addappropriate amount of organic burden if required. Swirl to mix.

Vortex-mix the inoculum periodically during the inoculation of carriers.Use a calibrated positive displacement pipette to transfer 0.01 mL ofthe culture to the sterile test carrier in the Petri dish. Immediatelyspread the inoculum uniformly using a sterile loop. Do not allow theinoculum to contact the edge of the glass slide carriers. Cover dishimmediately. Dry carriers in incubator at 36±1° C. for 30-40 min.Perform efficacy testing within two hours of drying.

Enumeration of viable bacteria from carriers (control carrier counts) isconducted as follows: Assay dried carriers in 2 sets of three carriers,one set immediately prior to conducting the efficacy test and one setimmediately following the test. Randomly select 6 inoculated carriersfor carrier count analysis prior to efficacy testing. Place each of theinoculated, dried carriers in a 38×100 mm culture tube or sterile 50 mLpolypropylene conical tube containing 20 mL of letheen broth. Vorteximmediately −60±5 seconds for P. aeruginosa or 120±5 seconds for S.aureus and S. enterica. After vortexing, briefly mix and make serialten-fold dilutions in 9 mL dilution blanks of PBDW. Briefly vortex andplate 0.1 mL aliquots of appropriate dilutions in duplicate on TSA orBAP using spread plating. Plate appropriate dilutions to achieve colonycounts in the range of 30-300 colony forming units (CFU) per plate.Spread inoculum evenly over the surface of the agar. Plates must be dryprior to incubation. If the serial dilutions are not made and platedimmediately, keep the tubes at 2-5° C. until this step can be done.Complete the dilutions and plating within 2 h after vortexing.Alternatively, pool the letheen broth from the tubes with the carriersand briefly vortex. Serially dilute and plate 0.1 mL aliquots of thepooled media (60 mL). The average carrier count per set will becalculated. Incubate plates (inverted) at 36±1° C. for up to 48±2 h.Count Colonies.

Disinfectant sample preparation is conducted as follows: For aerosolcans and trigger or pump sprayers, shake the can 25 times prior to use,unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer. Spray the test substancefor 10-15 seconds prior to testing to ensure sprayer is operatingcorrectly and test substance is dispensed properly. For concentratedtest substances, aseptically prepare the test substance use-dilutionrequired for the test using appropriate sterile glassware or pipettes.For concentrated test substances, use ≥1.0 mL or 1.0 g of the testsubstance sample to prepare the final solution to be tested. Use v/vdilutions for liquid test substances and w/v dilutions for solids. Priorto testing, wipe the spray nozzle using 70% ethanol and sterile gauzeand allow to dry.

The test procedure is conducted as follows: After the required carrierdrying time, spray the slides sequentially for a specified time,distance, and number of pumps at timed intervals (typically 30 seconds)with the carriers in a horizontal position. Use a certified timer totime the spray interval. Spray the slide within ±5 seconds of thespecified time for a contact time of 1-10 minutes or within ±3 secondsfor contact times <1 minute. After spraying, maintain the carriers in ahorizontal position. Treated carriers must be kept undisturbed duringthe contact time. After the last slide of a set (typically 20 slides)has been sprayed with the disinfectant, and the exposure time iscomplete, sequentially transfer each slide into the primary subculturetube containing the appropriate neutralizer within the ±5 second timelimit. Drain the excess disinfectant from each slide prior to transferinto the neutralizer tube. Drain carriers without touching the Petridish or filter paper. Perform transfers with flame sterilized orautoclaved forceps. The slide can touch both the interior sides of thePetri dish and the subculture tube during the transfer, but avoid thiscontact as much as possible. After the slide is deposited, recap thesubculture tube and shake culture thoroughly. Incubate at 36±1° C. for48±2 h.

Results are recorded as follows: Gently shake each tube prior torecording results. Record results as ±(growth) or 0 (no growth) asdetermined by presence or absence of turbidity. Confirm a minimum ofthree positive carrier sets per test. If there are less than threepositive carriers, then confirm each carrier.

The cleaning composition of the present application is tested againstthe parameters set by the EPA in the Series 810—Product Performance TestGuidelines, specifically public health uses of disinfectants (OCSPP810.2200 (EPA-HQ-OPPT-2009-0150-0029)). To demonstrate efficacy, testingis conducted against Salmonella enterica (S. enterica), formerlydesignated as Salmonella choleraesuis, American Type Culture Collection(ATCC) 10708 for effectiveness against Gram-negative bacteria, orStaphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (ATCC 6538) for effectiveness againstGram-positive bacteria. Three batches of the product are tested at thelower certified limit (LCL). For each batch, sixty carriers are used inthe test. Three independent tests (I e., three batches tested once onthree different test days) are conducted against the test microbe at theLCL. The performance standard for S. aureus is 0-3 positive carriers outof sixty. The performance standard for S. enterica is 0-1 positivecarriers out of sixty. Contamination of one carrier (culture tube) isallowed per 60-carrier set; occurrence of more than one contaminatedcarrier invalidates the test results. For germicidal spray products, theproduct should kill the test microorganisms on 59 out of each set of 60carriers/slides. Contamination of only one carrier (culture tube) isallowed per 60-carrier set; occurrence of more than one contaminatedcarrier invalidates the test results.

For use as a hospital or healthcare disinfectant, to demonstrateefficacy, testing is conducted against S. aureus (ATCC 6538) andPseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 15442). For use against fungus, todemonstrate efficacy, testing is conducted against Trichophytonmentagrophytes (ATCC 9533). For use against viruses, testing isconducted against Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus, and Norovirus,the Duck Hepatitis B virus, Bovine Viral Diarrhea virus, and FelineCalicivirus, respectively, which are considered acceptable surrogatesfor testing.

Example 4: Use of Cleaning Composition to Decontaminate AreasContaminated with Enveloped Viruses. e.g., Coronavirus Coronavirus

Coronaviruses are enveloped viruses with a positive-sensesingle-stranded RNA genome and a nucleocapsid of helical symmetry.Coronavirus virions are generally considered to have on averagediameters of 80-120 nm, but the size range can vary from 50 nm up to 200nm. Characteristic surface spikes or peplomers, which appear club-like,pear-shaped, or petal-shaped, project some 17-20 nm from the virionsurface, having a thin base that swells to a width of about 10 nm at thedistal extremity. In certain coronaviruses a second set of projections,5-10-nm long, forms an undergrowth beneath the major spikes.

Coronavirus infections begin with the binding of virions to hostcellular receptors. The infection culminates in the deposition of thenucleocapsid into the cytoplasm, where the viral genome becomesavailable for translation. The positive-sense genome, which functions ineffect as the first mRNA of viral infection, is translated into theenormous replicase polyprotein. The replicase then uses the genome asthe template for the synthesis, via negative-strand intermediates, ofboth new viral genomes and a set of subgenomic mRNAs. The latter aretranslated into structural proteins and accessory proteins. Themembrane-bound structural proteins, M, S, and E, are inserted into theER, from where they transit to the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgiintermediate compartment (ERGIC). Nucleocapsids are formed from theencapsidation of progeny genomes by N protein, and these coalesce withthe membrane-bound components, forming virions by budding into the ERGIC. Finally, progeny virions are exported from infected cells bytransport to the plasma membrane in smooth-walled vesicles, or Golgisacs, that remain to be more clearly defined. During infection by somecoronaviruses, but not others, a fraction of S protein that has not beenassembled into virions ultimately reaches the plasma membrane. At thecell surface S protein can cause the fusion of an infected cell withadjacent, uninfected cells, leading to the formation of large,multinucleate syncytia. This enables the spread of infection independentof the action of extracellular virus, thereby providing some measure ofescape from immune surveillance.

SARS-CoV-2

Coronaviruses have widely been known to cause respiratory and intestinalinfections in humans after the outbreak of “severe acute respiratorysyndrome (SARS).” SARS was caused by SARS-CoV, and was followed by“Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)” caused by MERS-CoV. Theoutbreak of COVID-19 is caused by a coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 (due toits similarity to SARS-CoV). SARS-CoV infects ciliated bronchialepithelial cells and type-II pneumocytes through angiotensin-convertingenzyme 2 (ACE2) as receptor; mechanism of action for SARS-CoV-2 arestill being determined.

It has been estimated the environmental stability of SARS-CoV-2 is up tothree hours in the air post-aerosolisation, up to four hours on copper,up to 24 hours on cardboard and up to two to three days on plastic andstainless steel. These findings are similar to results obtained forenvironmental stability of SARS-CoV-1.

SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in environmental samples from COVID-19dedicated intensive care units (ICU) in hospitals. In rooms of COVID-19patients, different levels of environmental contamination have beendetected, ranging from 1 out of 13 to 13 out of 15 samples testingpositive for SARS-CoV-2 prior to cleaning. One sample from an airexhaust outlet was positive indicating that virus particles may bedisplaced by air and deposited on surfaces, although no direct airsamples tested positive. SARS-CoV-2 was also detected on objects such asthe self-service printers used by patients to self-print the results oftheir exams, desktop keyboards and doorknobs. Virus was detected mostcommonly on gloves and, even rarely, on eye protection. The evidenceshows the threat of contamination of SARS-CoV-2 in the environment of aCOVID-19 patient, therefore reinforcing the need for decontamination ofthese environments. The cleaning composition described herein providesan effective solution.

Decontamination Protocol

Appropriate personal protective equipment is worn for cleaning up a bodyfluid spill. Gloves are worn during the cleaning and decontaminatingprocedures. To avoid the consequences of any splashing, the worker wearsa face shield and gown. For large spills, overalls, gowns or aprons aswell as boots or protective shoe covers are worn. Personal protectiveequipment is changed if torn or soiled, and is always removed beforeleaving the location of the spill, and then hands are washed.

Protocol:

-   -   1. WASH hands and put on gloves.    -   2. Don a face shield and gown. For large spills, overalls, gowns        or aprons as well as boots or protective shoe covers are worn.    -   3. The cleaning composition is applied to spill—wait at least 60        seconds.    -   4. Disposable towels are used to spread the cleaning composition        to any areas not covered by initial application of the cleaning        composition. Paper towels are disposed in plastic-lined waste        receptacles    -   5. The surface is sprayed or wiped thoroughly with the cleaning        composition —the appropriate contact time is allowed to pass in        accordance with the degree of severity of the spill (typically        1- to 5 minutes).    -   6. The cleaning composition is wiped up disposable paper towels.        Paper towel are discarded as above.    -   7. Remove gloves and dispose in plastic-lined waste receptacle.    -   8. WASH hands.

The following active ingredients are some of those that are incorporatedin the sanitation agent in the cleaning composition in combinations ofone or more ingredients for use in decontamination of areas suspected ofharboring SARS-CoV-2: quaternary ammonium; isopropanol;dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid; lactic acid; hydrogen peroxide; citricacid; chlorine dioxide; sodium hypochlorite; L-lactic acid; citric acid;thymol; peroxyacetic acid; potassium peroxymonosulfate; sodium chloride;thymol; ethanol; glutaraldehyde; phenols; sodium dischloroisocyanuratedehydrate; hypochiorous acid; silver; peroxyoctanoic acid; sodiumcarbonate peroxyhydrate; sodium dichloro-S-triazinetrione; potassiumperoxymonosulfate; ethyl alcohol; octanoic acid; glycolic acid; ammoniumcarbonate; ammonium bicarbonate.

While various embodiments have been described above, it should beunderstood that such disclosures have been presented by way of exampleonly and are not limiting. Thus, the breadth and scope of the subjectcompositions and methods should not be limited by any of theabove-described exemplary embodiments, but should be defined only inaccordance with the following claims and their equivalents.

The above description is for the purpose of teaching the person ofordinary skill in the art how to practice the object of the presentapplication, and it is not intended to detail all those obviousmodifications and variations of it which will become apparent to theskilled worker upon reading the description. It is intended, however,that all such obvious modifications and variations be included withinthe scope of the present application, which is defined by the followingclaims. The aspects and embodiments are intended to cover the componentsand steps in any sequence, which is effective to meet the objectivesthere intended, unless the context specifically indicates the contrary.

1. A method of formulating a cleaning composition to decontaminatesurfaces contaminated by a virus, comprising the steps of: coating agranular absorbent material with a coating agent to produce a coatedabsorbent material; and mixing the coated absorbent material with asanitation agent, wherein the coated absorbent material absorbs thesanitation agent to form the cleaning composition, wherein thesanitation agent comprises a surfactant.
 2. The method of claim 1,further comprising the step of: grinding an absorbent material toproduce the granular absorbent material used in the coating step.
 3. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the granular absorbent material is coatedwith a layer of surface bonded biocide by vapor deposition, pressuremicro droplet spray or fuming or fogging nozzle.
 4. The method of claim1, wherein the granular absorbent material is selected from the groupconsisting of ceramic minerals, zeolite, activated carbon, fumed silica,processed clays, cellulosic absorbents, fibrous absorbents andcombinations thereof.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the virus isSARS-CoV-2.
 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the ceramic mineralscomprise perlite and/or vermiculite.
 7. The method of claim 1, whereinthe coating agent comprises a biocide.
 8. The method of claim 1, whereinthe coating agent forms a surface bonded film on the granular absorbentmaterial.
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the sanitation agent is ananionic surfactant. 10-12. (canceled)
 13. A method for prevention and/ordecontamination of a surface from SARS-CoV-2, comprising: applying aneffective amount of cleaning composition on said surface, wherein saidcleaning composition comprises a granular absorbent material coated witha biocide, wherein the biocide forms a surface bonded film on thegranular absorbent material; and a sanitation agent absorbed in saidgranular absorbent material, wherein said sanitation agent comprises asurfactant. 14-20. (canceled)
 21. The method of claim 13, wherein thecleaning composition further comprises a granular absorbent materialcoated with a biocide, wherein the biocide forms a surface bonded filmon the granular absorbent material; and one or more sanitation agentsabsorbed in said granular absorbent material, wherein said one or moresanitation agents comprise a surfactant, wherein the cleaningcomposition is a liquid composition, and wherein the cleaningcomposition comprises one or more liquid phase biocides selected fromthe group consisting of chlorine bleach solutions, hydrogen peroxidesolutions, peracetic acid, quaternary amine solutions, alcoholsolutions, periodine solutions, dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride,dimethyl ethylbenzyl ammonium chloride and mixtures thereof.
 22. Themethod of claim 21, wherein the granular absorbent material is selectedfrom the group consisting of ceramic minerals, zeolite, activatedcarbon, fumed silica, processed clays, cellulosic absorbents, fibrousabsorbents and combinations thereof.
 23. The method of claim 21, whereinthe biocide is selected from the group consisting of silanes, siloxanes,aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, quaternary amines, fumed metal hydroxides,solutions of silver, solutions of copper and combinations thereof. 24.The method of claim 21, wherein the cleaning composition furthercomprises further comprising a modifying agent, wherein the modifyingagent is thickening agent, tackifier, silicone gum, absorbent polymer,or combination thereof.
 25. The method of claim 21, wherein themodifying agent is a gelling agent.
 26. The method of claim 21, whereinthe modifying agent is a tackifier.
 27. The method of claim 21, whereinthe modifying agent is sodium polyacrylate.
 28. A method for preventionand/or decontamination of a surface from pathogens, comprising: applyingan effective amount of cleaning composition on said surface, whereinsaid cleaning composition comprises a doped granular ceramicdisinfectant which combines a surface area static disinfectant orbiocide coating with a chemical phase primary disinfectant or biocideabsorbed in the ceramic particles; and a sanitation agent absorbed insaid granular absorbent material, wherein said sanitation agentcomprises a surfactant.
 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the cleaningcomposition is a surface area solid phase disinfectant that combineswith a super absorbent polymer so that liquid loadings of availableliquid can be added so as to impart chemical disinfection, or to impartdeodorizing chemicals, or to impart a blanketing effect on the affectedarea.
 30. The method of claim 28, wherein the cleaning composition is ahigh surface area solid phase disinfectant with the addition oftackifiers, so that it lays on a bio hazard and forms a blanket whichgreatly reduces the release of airborne pathogens.